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Global Animal Feed Additives Industry

http://www.reportlinker.com/p092574/Global-Animal-Feed-Additives-Industry.html

This report analyzes the worldwide markets for Animal Feed Additives in US$ Million by the following Product Segments: Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Others (includes enzymes, probiotics and feed acidifiers among others). The report provides separate comprehensive analytics for the US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific, Middle East, and Latin America. Annual estimates and forecasts are provided for each region for the period of 2007 through 2015. Also, a six-year historic analysis is provided for these markets. The report profiles 344 companies including many key and niche players such as Adisseo France SAS, Ajinomoto Co Inc., Alltech Inc., Alpharma Inc., Archer Daniels Midland Company, BASF SE, Biovet JSC, Cargill Inc., Chareon Pokphand, Chr. Hansen A/S, Danisco A/S, DSM Nutritional Products, Elanco Animal Health, Evialis SA, Evonik Industries AG, Kemin Industries, Inc., Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd., Lallemand Inc., Lesaffre Feed Additive, Lonza Group Ltd., Novozymes A/S, Novus International, Nutreco Holding N.V, Phibro Animal Health Corporation, Provimi Holding B.V, Tessenderlo Group, and The Mosaic Company. Market data and analytics are derived from primary and secondary research. Company profiles are mostly extracted from URL research and reported select online sources

ANIMAL FEED ADDITIVES MCP-4051

A GLOBAL STRATEGIC BUSINESS REPORT

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION, METHODOLOGY & PRODUCT DEFINITIONS

Study Reliability and Reporting Limitations I-1

Disclaimers I-2

Data Interpretation & Reporting Level I-3

Quantitative Techniques & Analytics I-3

Product Definitions and Scope of Study I-3

Product Definitions I-4

Antibiotics/Antibacterials I-4

Vitamins I-4

Minerals I-5

Amino Acids I-5

Pre-Mixes I-5

Others I-5

II. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

1. INDUSTRY OVERVIEW II-1

A Prelude II-1

Impact of Recession II-1

Market Drivers & Trends II-2

Meat Consumption: A Review II-2

Table 1: World Market for Fresh Meat by Geographic Region

(2008): Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Latin America

and Rest of World (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-2

Table 2: World Market for Fresh Meat by Type (2008):

Percentage Breakdown of Volume Sales for Pork, Lamb & Goat,

Beef & Veal, and Poultry (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-3

Table 3: Long-Term Projections of World Per Capita

Consumption of Pig Meat for Years 2015 & 2030 II-3

Table 4: Per Capita Consumption of Pork (2007): Percentage

Breakdown by Select Countries (In Kilograms Per Person)

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-3

Unfolding Opportunities for Novel Feed Additives II-4

Amino Acids Gain Growing Popularity as Feed Additives II-4

Escalating Raw Material Costs Squeeze Profits II-4

Diverse Factors to Propel Growth II-4

Increased Focus on Animal Production II-5

Table 5: Breakdown of World Cattle Population (in 000s) for

the year 2009 by Country (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-5

Animal Feed Prebiotics Market Heats Up II-6

Food Safety Measures - Further Tightened by Public Authorities II-6

The Phase Out of Antibiotics II-6

In Europe II-6

In the US II-7

Market Structure II-7

Market Characteristics II-7

Key Statistical Findings II-8

Table 6: Global Compound Feed Market (2007): Percentage Share

Breakdown of Volume Production by Region (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-8

Table 7: Global Industrial Enzymes Market (2007 & 2012P):

Percentage Share Breakdown of Value Sales by Application

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-8

2. PRODUCT OVERVIEW II-9

Introduction II-9

Animal Feed Industry II-9

Major Sectors II-9

Poultry II-9

Role of Growth-Promoters in Poultry II-9

Alternatives to Antibiotics in Poultry Animal Feed II-10

Cattle II-10

Use of Diet Acidification on Rise II-10

Pork II-11

Role of Antibiotics in Pork Industry II-11

Types of Animal Feed Additives II-11

Antibiotics/Antibacterials II-11

Product Description II-11

The Antibiotic Controversy II-11

Reasons Contributing to Ban on Antibiotics II-11

Impact of the Ban II-12

Assessing New Feed Additives II-12

Reasons for Antibiotic Resistance II-13

Classes of Antibiotics II-13

Ionophores II-13

Coccidiostats II-13

Medicated Feed II-14

Nutritional Feed Additives II-14

Vitamins II-14

Vitamin Guarantee II-15

Vitamin A II-15

Carotenoids II-15

Vitamin B II-15

Riboflavin II-15

Choline II-16

Betaine II-16

Vitamin B6 II-16

Vitamin B12 II-16

Niacin II-16

Pantothenic Acid II-16

P-Aminobenzoic Acid II-16

Chemically-Synthesized Vitamins II-17

Vitamin C II-17

Vitamin D II-17

Vitamin E II-17

Vitamin K II-18

Minerals II-18

Other Minerals II-18

Amino Acids II-19

Product Description II-19

Types II-19

Methionine II-19

Lysine II-19

Table 8: World Market for Lysine: Breakdown of Annual

Demand for Years 2007 through 2010 in Thousand Metric Tons

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-20

Prices II-20

Threonine II-20

Table 9: World Market for Threonine: Breakdown of Annual

Demand for the Years 2007 through 2010 in Thousand Metric

Tons (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-20

Tryptophan II-21

Glycine II-21

Taurine II-21

Arginine II-21

Tyrosine II-21

Pre-Mixes II-21

Other Animal Feed Additives II-21

Feed Phosphates II-21

Enzymes II-21

Definition II-21

Types of Enzymes II-22

Phytase II-22

Amylases II-23

Beta-glucanase II-23

Cellulases II-23

Hemicellulases II-23

Lipases II-23

Pectinase II-23

Proteases II-23

Probiotics II-23

Description II-23

Commercial Probiotic Products In The Marketplace: II-24

Yeast II-24

Yeast Culture II-24

Feed Acidifiers II-25

Product Description II-25

Feed Acidifier Groups Based on Mechanism II-25

Classification of Feed Acidifiers II-25

Formic Acid II-26

Lactic Acid II-26

Fumaric Acid II-26

Propionic Acid II-26

Butyric Acid II-26

Sorbic Acid II-26

Malic Acid II-26

Tartaric Acid II-26

Citric Acid II-27

Non-Protein Nitrogen Sources II-27

Urea II-27

Biuret II-27

Legal Requirements II-27

Ammonium Polyphosphates II-27

Gelatinized Starch - Urea II-28

Liquid Starch - Controlled Urea II-28

Fermented Ammoniated Condensed Whey II-28

Oils and Fats II-28

Flavoring Compounds II-28

Packaging Requirements II-28

Meals II-29

Fishmeal II-29

Meat and Bone Meal II-29

Soybean Meal II-30

Packaging Requirements II-30

Other Meals II-30

3. REGULATORY & ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS II-31

REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT II-31

Registration of Additives II-31

Public Authorities on Feed Additives II-32

Regulatory Bodies Governing Feed Additives Market in Europe II-32

The European Food Safety Authority - EFSA II-32

FEDESA - The European Federation of Animal Health II-32

IFAH- Europe II-32

Regulatory Bodies Governing Feed Additives Market in the US II-33

Association of American Feed Control Officials (AAFCO) II-33

Functions of AAFCO II-33

Role of the FDA in Monitoring Animal Feed Practices in the US II-33

Alliance for the Prudent Use of Antibiotics (APUA) II-34

4. PRODUCT LAUNCHES/DEVELOPMENTS II-35

Alpharma Launches Proflora™, a Poultry Feed Additive II-35

JEFO Nutrition to Launch New Aqua Feed Additive II-35

Biomin Introduces Two Products in Thailand II-36

APC Unveils Proteiva™ Functional Proteins II-36

Evialis Rolls Out Neovia, Animal Feed Additives Range II-36

Adisseo Launches Rovabio® Max Feed Additive II-36

Biorigin to Introduce Biotide and Betamune Feed Additives II-37

China Kangtai Cactus Biotech to Commence Marketing Cactus Hog

Feed II-37

Ganeden Biotech Announces Introduction of GanPro™ II-37

Bayer HealthCare to Unveil Renalzin, a Feline Renal Disease

Managing Feed Additive II-37

Novozymes and DSM Introduce RONOZYME® ProAct Feed Enzyme II-38

Novus to Unveil Solutions in Australia and New Zealand II-38

EVIALIS to Unveil NEOVIA Line of Animal Nutrition Products II-38

GAVL Unveils New Series of Cattle Feed Supplements II-39

Balchem Unveils Aminoshure™-L Rumen-Protected Lysine II-39

Labtec Unveils Dcal-Xtra Plus II-39

C&H Nutrition Releases ButyProl and Butical II-39

Hubbard Feeds Launches Jumpstart II-40

Elanco’s Pulmotil Premix Receives Approval in Canada II-40

5. RECENT INDUSTRY ACTIVITY II-41

Kemin Takes Over Majority Stake in Italian Manufacturing II-41

Novus International Establishes Feed Specialties Facility II-41

Skretting to Invest €20M for Upgrading Feed Plant II-41

Eli Lilly to Purchase European Rights of Pfizer’s Animal

Health Products II-41

Pharmgate Inks JV Agreement with ECO Animal Health II-42

DSM Nutritional Inks JV Agreement with Tatenergo II-42

Novus International Acquires Albion Animal Nutrition Division II-43

Nutreco to Purchase Animal Nutrition Operations of Cargill II-43

Cargill Kicks Off New Animal Feed Facility in Efremov II-43

Novus International Join Hands with Chr. Hansen II-43

Nutreco Establishes Advanced Feed Specialties Plant II-44

Pfizer Animal Health Acquires Wyeth II-44

AgFeed Industries Inks JV agreement with Hypor II-44

Group Depr¨¦ Acquires Trouw Nutrition Pet Food Business II-45

Berg+Schmidt Acquires Loders Croklaan Animal Feed Products II-45

AgraQuest, Alpharma Ink Agreement for Poultry Nutrition

Ingredient II-45

DELACON Chooses InvesVet as Poultry Product Distributor II-46

LNB International to Offload Feed Mill Stake to Benie Rice II-46

SUNZEN BIOTECH Inks MoU with Erapoly II-46

Kiotech Plans to Merge with Optivite II-46

Aova Technologies Inks Agreement with eAnimal II-46

Phibro Animal Health Appoints Bio Agri Mix as Exclusive

Distributor II-47

China National BlueStar Signs Deal with Adisseo Group to Build

Methionine Plant II-47

ADISSEO to Increase Production of Methionine II-47

Sumitomo Chemical to Expand Production Capacity II-47

Nutron Alimentos Launches Expansion Plant II-48

Mediceo Paltac Inks Agreements with Four Subsidiary Companies II-48

China-Biotics Enters Into Supply Agreement with Dabeinong Group II-48

DSM Nutritional Enters into Contract with Changchun Economic &

Technology Development Zone II-48

Lallemand Animal Nutrition Obtains China’s Approval for Two

Key Microbial-based Feed Additives II-49

ABB Grain Acquires NRM II-49

Cargill Establishes Sixth Animal Feed Unit II-50

Cargill to Set-Up New Feed Plant II-50

Cargill Inks Agreement with Active Feed II-50

TNS Inks Agreement with Hokto Kinoko II-51

Prince Takes over Trace Mineral Operations of BAP II-51

Cargill to Close Arkona Animal Feed Operations II-51

Cehave Completes Acquisition of Pannonmill II-51

De Heus Feeds Takes over PG, Indochine II-52

De, MKorma Take over Neokorm II-52

European Commission Approves Natugrain of BASF II-52

Nor-Feed, Hansen Co-Develop Unique Feed Additives II-52

Provimi Merges Proviad, Bonimex to Establish Citura II-53

Rx3 Takes Over Majority Stake in LaCour-Dalton II-53

Trouw Opens New Indonesian Facility II-53

Halifax Completes Nutrition Physiology Acquisition II-53

CPG Establishes Feed Materials Unit II-53

Nutreco Takes over Biofaktory II-54

Skretting Signs Salmon Feed Contract with Marine Harvest II-54

Country Bird to Acquire Nutri Feed II-54

Pfizer Receives FDA Approval for Antibiotic for Dogs and Cats II-55

Novus Enters Into Agreement with BioResource II-55

Lohmann Animal Health Opens New Feed Division II-55

Zintec to Establish New Feed Additives Division II-55

Novus Establishes Feed Quality Division II-55

De Heus Acquires Horizon Voere II-56

Cargill to Terminate Springdale Feed Plant Operations II-56

Cargill Takes Over Medan Animal Feed Mill from PT Berlian

Unggas Sakti II-56

BioLogic Enters into Strategic Alliance with Cargill II-56

DSM to Enter Into Alliance with Yunnan Shennong Agriculture Group II-57

Intervet Secures Combination Permits for Zilmax® II-57

AB Agri Acquires Premier Nutrition II-58

AgFeed Announces Acquisition of Hainan Hopejia Feed II-58

Nireus SA Announces Acquisition of Kego II-58

Gelita AG Sells German Subsidiary to DT Cremer II-59

Addcon Acquires Distribution of ‘Formi’ II-59

Lienert Australia Acquires Provimi Australia II-59

3i Quoted PE Acquires Stake in Phibro Animal Health II-59

Alltech Inaugurates New Nutrigenomics Center II-60

BASF AG Announces New Identity II-60

Nutreco to Acquire Assets of Copaga II-60

Chr. Hansen Acquires Medipharma II-60

Evialis Acquires Majority Stake in Malta Cleyton II-60

BHJ Acquires Corsa Petfood II-61

Skretting Acquires Nelson & Sons II-61

Hi-Pro Feeds Pockets Sunrise Feed II-61

Marfrig Acquires Carroll’s Foods II-61

Arsenal Acquires DSM Special Products II-61

Skretting Japan Acquires Marine Net II-62

Origin Agritech to Unveil World’s First GM Phytase Corn II-62

6. FOCUS ON SELECT GLOBAL PLAYERS II-63

Adisseo France SAS (France) II-63

Ajinomoto Co Inc (Japan) II-63

Alltech Inc. (USA) II-63

Alpharma Inc. (USA) II-64

Archer Daniels Midland Company (USA) II-64

BASF SE (Germany) II-64

Biovet JSC (Bulgaria) II-65

Cargill Inc (USA) II-65

Chareon Pokphand (Thailand) II-66

Chr. Hansen A/S (Denmark) II-66

Danisco A/S (Denmark) II-66

DSM Nutritional Products (Switzerland) II-67

Elanco Animal Health (USA) II-67

Evialis SA (France) II-67

Evonik Industries AG (Germany) II-68

Kemin Industries, Inc (USA) II-68

Kyowa Hakko Kirin Co. Ltd. (Japan) II-68

Lallemand Inc (Canada) II-69

Lesaffre Feed Additive (France) II-69

Lonza Group Ltd (Switzerland) II-69

Novozymes A/S (Denmark) II-70

Novus International (USA) II-70

Nutreco Holding N.V (the Netherlands) II-70

Phibro Animal Health Corporation (USA) II-71

Provimi Holding B.V (The Netherlands) II-72

Tessenderlo Group (Belgium) II-72

The Mosaic Company (USA) II-72

7. GLOBAL MARKET PERSPECTIVE II-73

Table 10: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Geographic Region/Country - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle

East, and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2007 through

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-73

Table 11: World Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives by

Geographic Region/Country - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East and Latin America

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in

US$ Million for the Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-74

Table 12: World 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed Additives

by Geographic Region/Country - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding

Japan), Middle East, and Latin America for Years 2003, 2009 &

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-75

Table 13: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Antibiotics/ Antibacterials by Geographic

Region/Country - US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin America Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-76

Table 14: World Historic Review for Animal Feed Antibiotics/

Antibacterials by Geographic Region/Country - US, Canada,

Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East,

and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual

Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-77

Table 15: World 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Antibiotics/Antibacterials by Geographic Region/Country -

Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin

America for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) II-78

Table 16: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Vitamins by Geographic Region/Country - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle

East, and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2007 through

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-79

Table 17: World Historic Review for Animal Feed Vitamins by

Geographic Region/Country - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin America

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-80

Table 18: World 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed Vitamins

by Geographic Region/Country - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding

Japan), Middle East, and Latin America for Years 2003, 2009 &

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-81

Table 19: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Minerals by Geographic Region/Country - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle

East, and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2007 through

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-82

Table 20: World Historic Review for Animal Feed Minerals by

Geographic Region/Country - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin America

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-83

Table 21: World 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed Minerals

by Geographic Region/Country - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding

Japan), Middle East, and Latin America for Years 2003, 2009 &

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-84

Table 22: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Amino Acids by Geographic Region/Country - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle

East, and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2007 through

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-85

Table 23: World Historic Review for Animal Feed Amino Acids by

Geographic Region/Country - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin America

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-86

Table 24: World 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed Amino

Acids by Geographic Region/Country - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin America for Years

2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-87

Table 25: World Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Pre-Mixes by Geographic Region/Country - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia- Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle

East, and Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2007 through

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-88

Table 26: World Historic Review for Animal Feed Pre-Mixes by

Geographic Region/Country - US, Canada, Japan, Europe,

Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin America

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-89

Table 27: World 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed Pre-Mixes

by Geographic Region/Country - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar

Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding

Japan), Middle East, and Latin America for Years 2003, 2009 &

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-90

Table 28: World Recent Past, Current and Future Analysis for

Other Animal Feed Additives by Geographic Region/Country - US,

Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle

East, & Latin America Markets Independently Analyzed with

Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2007 through

2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-91

Table 29: World Historic Review for Other Animal Feed

Additives by Geographic Region/Country - US, Canada, Japan,

Europe, Asia-Pacific (excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin

America Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) II-92

Table 30: World 13-Year Perspective for Other Animal Feed

Additives by Geographic Region/Country - Percentage Breakdown

of Dollar Sales for US, Canada, Japan, Europe, Asia-Pacific

(excluding Japan), Middle East, and Latin America for Years

2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) II-93

III. MARKET

1. THE UNITED STATES III-1

A.Market Analysis III-1

Livestock Population & Production: A Primer III-1

Table 31: Number of Hogs & Pigs on Farms in the United

States for the Years 2006 & 2007 (In 000s) (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-1

Table 32: U.S. Red Meat & Poultry Market (2009): Breakdown

of Production (in million lb) by Product Segment (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-2

Table 33: U.S. Red Meat & Poultry Market (2009): Breakdown

of Per Capita Consumption (in lb) by Product Segment

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-2

Table 34: US Red Meat & Poultry Market (2009): Breakdown of

Export and Import Volume by Product Segment (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-3

Trends III-3

Animal Feed Market to Show Steady Growth III-3

Antibiotic Restrictions Propel Use of Alternatives III-3

Amino Acids III-4

Table 35: US Market for Amino Acids (2007): Percentage

Share Breakdown of Volume & Value Sales by Application -

Animal Feed, Food & Beverage, and Other Applications

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-4

Table 36: US Market for Amino Acids in Animal Feed

(2009)-Percentage Breakdown of Revenues by Product Segment-

Lysine, Methionine, Threonine and Tryptophan (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5

Table 37: US Market for Amino Acids in Animal Feed

(2009)-Percentage Breakdown of Unit Shipments by Product

Segment- Lysine, Methionine, Threonine and Tryptophan

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5

Vitamins III-5

Table 38: US Market for Vitamin A in Animal Feed (2008):

Percentage Breakdown of Revenues by End-Users-Poultry,

Swine, Ruminants, Aquaculture and Others (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-5

Table 39: US Market for Vitamin C in Animal Feed Additives

(2008): Percentage Breakdown of Pet Feed, Aquaculture feed,

Piglets, Starters & Prestarters and Others (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-6

Table 40: US Market for Vitamin E in Animal Feed Additives

(2008): Percentage Breakdown of Revenues by End-Use

Segments- Ruminants, Swine, Poultry, Aquaculture and Others

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-6

Table 41: US Dosage Recommendations for Vitamin E in Swine

Feed (in Mg/Kg) III-6

Table 42: US Dosage Recommendations for Vitamin E in

Poultry Feed (in Mg/Kg) III-7

Table 43: US Dosage Recommendations for Vitamin E in

Ruminant Feed (in Mg/Kg) III-7

Enzymes III-7

Table 44: US Enzymes Market (2008): Percentage Breakdown of

Revenues by End-Use Segment-Food & Beverages, Cleaning

Products, Animal Feed, Pharmaceuticals and Research &

Biotechnology (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-7

Probiotics & Prebiotics III-8

Table 45: Animal Direct Fed Microbials (DFM) Market in the

United States (2009): Breakdown of Revenues by Type (In US$

Million) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-8

Table 46: US Prebiotics Market (2007): Breakdown of Unit

Shipments by Product Segment (In Metric Tons) (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-8

Table 47: Fructans Market in the United States (2007):

Percentage Share Breakdown of Unit Shipments by End-Use

Application Area (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-9

Table 48: Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS) Market in the

United States (2007): Percentage Share Breakdown of Unit

Shipments by End-Use Application Area (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-9

Table 49: Animal Feed Grade Mannan-oligosaccharides (MOS)

Market in the United States (2007): Percentage Share

Breakdown of Unit Shipments by End-Use Application Area

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-10

Regulatory Environment III-10

Food and Drug Administration III-10

FDA Restricts Fluoroquinolones in Poultry III-10

Hormone Levels III-11

Product Introductions III-11

Strategic Corporate Developments III-12

Select Players III-17

B.Market Analytics III-21

Table 50: US Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment - Antibiotics/

Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes,

and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets Independently

Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years

2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-21

Table 51: US Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives by

Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-22

Table 52: US 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino

Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives for Years

2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-23

2. CANADA III-24

A.Market Analysis III-24

Outlook III-24

Canadian Agricultural and Livestock Market - A Brief Outline III-24

Product Introductions III-24

Strategic Corporate Developments III-25

Lallemand Inc - A Select Player III-25

B.Market Analytics III-26

Table 53: Canadian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis

for Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment -

Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,

Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-26

Table 54: Canadian Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-27

Table 55: Canadian 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-28

3. JAPAN III-29

A.Market Analysis III-29

Outlook III-29

Market Overview III-29

Table 56: Japanese Compound &Mixed Feed Production (2005 &

2009): Percentage Share Breakdown of Production by Animal

Species (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-29

Strategic Corporate Developments III-30

Select Players III-30

B.Market Analytics III-32

Table 57: Japanese Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis

for Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment -

Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,

Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-32

Table 58: Japanese Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre- Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-33

Table 59: Japanese 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-34

4. EUROPE III-35

A.Market Analysis III-35

Outlook III-35

Compound Feed Production: An Overview III-35

Companion Animal Feed Prebiotics Segment III-35

Table 60: European Fructan Prebiotics Market for Animal

Feed (2007): Percentage Share Breakdown of Revenues by Key

Players (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-36

Table 61: European MOS Prebiotics Market for Animal Feed

(2007): Percentage Share Breakdown of Revenues by Key

Players (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-36

Trends III-37

Alternative Growth Promoters: On an Upward Trend III-37

Government Plans Expansion of Animal Feed Additive Industry

by Developing Animal Health III-37

EU Bans Growth Antibiotics In Animal Feed III-37

Organic Acids Set to Displace Antibiotics III-38

Amino Acids Have Bright Prospects III-38

Vitamins III-38

Key Statistics: III-39

Table 62: Animal Direct Fed Microbials (DFM) Market in

Europe (2009): Breakdown of Revenues by Type (In US$

Million) (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-39

Table 63: Average Prices of Select DFM Products in the US &

Europe III-39

Table 64: European Inactivated Yeast Market (2006):

Percentage Market Share Breakdown of Leading Players

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-40

Table 65: European Live Yeast Animal Feed Probiotics Market

(2006): Percentage Market Share Breakdown of Leading

Players (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-40

Table 66: European Bacterial Animal Feed Probiotics Market

(2006): Percentage Market Share Breakdown of Leading

Players (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-40

Table 67: European Market for Vitamin A in Terms of

Application (2007): Percentage Share Breakdown of Volume in

Animal Feed, Food & Beverages, Dietary Supplements and

Cosmetics (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-41

Regulations III-41

EU Ordains FAMI-QS for Food Safety III-41

EC Bans Several Antibiotics III-41

Strategic Corporate Developments III-41

B.Market Analytics III-43

Table 68: European Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis

for Animal Feed Additives by Geographic Region/ Country -

France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe

Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-43

Table 69: European Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Geographic Region - France, Germany, Italy, UK, Spain,

Russia and Rest of Europe Markets Independently Analyzed

with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001

through 2006 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-44

Table 70: European 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Geographic Region/Country - Percentage

Breakdown of Dollar Sales for France, Germany, Italy, UK,

Spain, Russia and Rest of Europe for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-45

Table 71: Europe Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment - Antibiotics/

Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes,

and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets Independently

Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million for Years

2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-46

Table 72: Europe Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-47

Table 73: Europe 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-48

4A. FRANCE III-49

A.Market Analysis III-49

Outlook III-49

Product Introductions III-49

Strategic Corporate Developments III-50

Select Players III-50

B.Market Analytics III-52

Table 74: French Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment -

Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,

Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-52

Table 75: French Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-53

Table 76: French 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-54

4B. GERMANY III-55

A.Market Analysis III-55

Outlook III-55

Product Introductions III-55

Strategic Corporate Developments III-55

Select Players III-56

B.Market Analytics III-57

Table 77: German Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment -

Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,

Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-57

Table 78: German Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-58

Table 79: German 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives for the Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-59

4C. ITALY III-60

A.Market Analysis III-60

Outlook III-60

Strategic Developments III-60

B.Market Analytics III-61

Table 80: Italian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment -

Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,

Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-61

Table 81: Italian Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-62

Table 82: Italian 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-63

4D. THE UNITED KINGDOM III-64

A.Market Analysis III-64

Outlook III-64

Trends III-64

Upswing in Retail Production of Feedstuffs III-64

Regulatory Environment III-64

Product Introductions III-64

Strategic Corporate Developments III-65

B.Market Analytics III-67

Table 83: UK Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment - Antibiotics/

Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre- Mixes,

and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets Independently

Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$ Million Figures in

US$ Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-67

Table 84: UK Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives by

Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-68

Table 85: UK 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of Dollar Sales

for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino

Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives for Years

2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-69

4E. SPAIN III-70

A.Market Analysis III-70

Outlook III-70

Strategic Corporate Developments III-70

B.Market Analytics III-71

Table 86: Spanish Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment -

Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,

Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2001 through 2010 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-71

Table 87: Spanish Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-72

Table 88: Spanish 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-73

4F. RUSSIA III-74

A.Market Analysis III-74

Outlook III-74

Feed Industry in Russia III-74

Strategic Corporate Developments III-74

B.Market Analytics III-75

Table 89: Russian Recent Past, Current & Future Analysis for

Animal Feed Additives by Product Segment -

Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins, Minerals, Amino Acids,

Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed Additives Markets

Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales Figures in US$

Million for Years 2007 through 2015 (includes corresponding

Graph/Chart) III-75

Table 90: Russian Historic Review for Animal Feed Additives

by Product Segment - Antibiotics/ Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives Markets Independently Analyzed with Annual Sales

Figures in US$ Million for Years 2001 through 2006 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-76

Table 91: Russian 13-Year Perspective for Animal Feed

Additives by Product Segment - Percentage Breakdown of

Dollar Sales for Antibiotics/Antibacterials, Vitamins,

Minerals, Amino Acids, Pre-Mixes, and Other Animal Feed

Additives for Years 2003, 2009 & 2015 (includes

corresponding Graph/Chart) III-77

4G. REST OF EUROPE III-78

A.Market Analysis III-78

Outlook III-78

Finland III-78

Eastern Europe III-78

Animal Feed Additives Market III-78

Key Statistics: III-78

Table 92: Enzymes Feed Additives Market in Central and

Eastern Europe (2006): Percentage Share Breakdown of

Volume Sales by Type of Enzyme III-78

Table 93: Feed Additives Market in Central & Eastern

Europe (2009): Percentage Share Breakdown of Revenue by

Product Type - Amino Acids, Acidifiers and Enzymes

(includes corresponding Graph/Chart) III-79

Feed Acidifiers III-79

Product Introductions III-79

Strategic Corporate Developments III-80

Select Players III-83

B.Market Analytics

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Yeast

Yeast of course is what actually does the work of turning juice into wine. There are many different yeast strains, and often a winemaker will choose the particular strain for the qualities it will create in the finished product. Yeast selection may also be determined by the environment the wine is being made in. Some yeast strains tolerate different temperatures.

Yeast Nutrient

Often, a juice may not have all of the necessary nutrients to ensure good yeast reproduction, so a nutrient consisting of some vitamins and minerals may be added to ensure healthy yeast.

Pectic Enzyme

Almost all fruit contains some amount of pectin, which if not treated could cause a haze in wine. Pectic enzyme breaks down pectin and can help to extract flavor and juice from the fruit.

Potassium Metabisulfite (K-Meta)

Some people believe that sulfite in wine causes headaches, however sulfites are a common food preservative, and it is likely that it has been added at one or more stages of the wine making process. When the grapes are first picked, sulfite may have been sprinkled over the grapes to inhibit wild yeast and bacterial growth. It is often used in juices before they have been inoculated with yeast, and are almost always added when the fermentation has completed.

As well as inhibiting bacteria growth, sulfite helps protect against oxidation.

Sodium Metabisulfite

Although not as common today, sodium metabisulfite can be used in the same method as potassium metabisulfite. It is more commonly available in the form of “Campden Tablets.” However, due to health concerns of those on sodium restricted diets and the fact that K-Meta is slightly more effective, this form of sulfite is used much less as an additive but is still used to make sanitizing solutions.

Potassium Sorbate

Potassium sorbate is often used in conjunction with K-Meta to stabilize wine. It inhibits yeast from reproducing, thereby preventing any yeast cells that remain after fermentation to begin a new fermentation using residual sugar or sugar added to sweeten.

Clarifying (Fining) Additives

When wine is first made, it is very cloudy with yeast and other particles in suspension. Beginning home winemakers are often quite surprised and shocked at the appearance of wine when it first begins to ferment.

Often, these particles won’t quickly drop out of the wine as sediment, so clarifying additives are used to speed or help the clarification process. Particles in suspension have either a negative or positive charge, therefore clarifying agents have an opposite charge in order to attract the particles and help them along on their way to the bottom of the wine vessel to become sediment.

Common clarifying additives include:

Bentonite – a clay made of volcanic ash. Negatively charged and attracts positive charged matter. Isinglass – made from the air bladder of some fish, most notably sturgeon, cod and cichlids. It is a fairly benign clarifier as it does not strip flavors and colors as much as others might. Positively charged and attracts negative charged particles. Kieselsol – a negatively charged silica gel and used in both white and red wines. Very common in wine kits. Chitosan – often used in conjunction with kieselsol, cheitosan is positively charged. Made from the exoskeleton of crustaceans like crabs and shrimp. (Those who have a shellfish allergy need not be worried – allergies are due to proteins in the shellfish organism – not the exoskeleton). Casein – a derivative of milk and is used to reduce tannins in some wines. Gelatin – not recommended for white wines, but sometimes used in reds to reduce tannin.

Remember that fining agents are added to clarify wines. Therefore, there is very little trace, if any, left in the wine after they have done their job.

Bacteria

In some wines, the presence of malic acid is not desirable, therefore the winemaker may add lactic acid bacteria in order to have the wine undergo a malolactic fermentation. This causes the malic acid to become lactic acid, providing a smoother “mouthfeel.”

Sugar

While some sweet wines have been fermented with yeast that cannot tolerate higher alcohol percent which means the fermentation will stop with some residual sugar left over, other wines are fermented completely and then later sweetened with some type of sugar.

Now you know some of the more common additives used in the wine making process. This is not meant to be a comprehensive guide to every additive that is used, but a description of the more common ones to ensure the bottle of wine you open is clear, good to look at and full of the aromas and tastes that the winemaker intended.

Consumers are now enjoying several varieties of bread. This presents bakers with a chance to design and optimise innovative formulae that improve the quality and nutritional profile of bread, at the same time ensuring its shelf life, ease of processing and consistent final product specifications. Bread must contain somewhat established proportions of basic ingredients like flour, fat, leavening, sugar and water. It is a challenge to add new ingredients for functional and nutritional improvements. Even the slightest variation in ingredient quantity or manufacturing process can make changes in the final baked item.
While exact and consistent ingredient measure is the first step to prepare quality bread, small changes in ingredients quantities and specs can have detrimental effect unless adjusted.

Pick a bag of flour
Flours can vary e.g. regular wheat (all-purpose) flour contains only endosperm portion of grain. Wholegrain includes germ and bran as well, which contain fibre, oil and vitamins. Wholegrain is thus more nutritious but bran and germ may affect the bread-making qualities like ability to be leavened by yeast. Gluten expands to accommodate gas produced by yeast and baking coagulates the gluten giving bread its structure and strength. Rye is capable of forming gluten but compared to wheat gluten, rye gluten is inferior and weak. Barley also contains some gluten, so these other grains must be combined with wheat flour to compensate for their low gluten in order to make yeast-leavened products from other flours.

Gluten content is very important to bread makers. Ingredients quantities and manufacturing processes are decided by how they affect gluten development and hence the bread structure. When dough is kneaded gluten develops but beyond a point gluten is overstretched and loses elasticity. The aim is to develop highly elastic dough with maximum retention of gas giving more loaf volume and fineness of texture.
Very strong flours are important in commercial baking operations using high-speed machines kneading for a very short time. The unbleached, unbromated and enriched flour has 12.25 per cent protein and produces strong dough allowing various additions like tomato bits, sunflower seeds, raisins etc. Even different shapes can also be easily formed.

Addition of Enzymes
Enzymes are very important for the bakery industry as without it no baking can happen.In commercial baking applications, enzyme addition helps maintain consistency when protein levels and mix times change. With stronger flours, more mix times are needed and production may come down. Enzyme cuts down the problems and loss in production. Enzyme action contributes to dough relaxing, preventing dough shrink-back, better bread volume and pan flow and faster bakery throughput. Another action of enzyme is useful in debittering and helping in browning and forming of bread flavour. Amylases, proteases, hemicellulases, cellulases, xylanases, glucose oxydase, catalase etc. are predominantly used for baking application.

The shortening of it
Commercially baked bread usually contains fat ingredients either solid or liquid, to improve crumb softness, volume and texture. The fat is typically referred to as shortening because it shortens or breaks up masses of gluten thus weakening the structure and making final bread more tender. While mixing, fat surrounds the gluten particles and lubricates them so that they do not stick together. Fat acts as a tenderizer. Bread dough does not require much tenderisation as cake batter, so bread formulas generally do not use them but cake formulations use them regularly.

Another important function of fat in bread is to slow moisture loss by coating starch granules increasing the shelf life by delaying stalling. The final load volume also increases by up to 20 per cent when 3.4-5 per cent shortening is used. The increase in volume is higher than the melting point of fat. Solid fats like vegetable shortenings and butter have been favourites in bread formulae, but hydrogenated vegetable fats used as shortenings are high in trans and saturated fatty acids, both with negative health implications with respect to heart diseases.

Bakers are now searching for alternatives as shortening in bread. USDA’s Agri Research. Service (ARS) has identified oat oil that could make bread more healthy. It is also rich in phospholipids and glycolipids and so oil combines with water to lubricate bread dough to help it rise evenly and bake a loaf that is uniformly springy and soft even after several days. The polar lipids like in this oil also help in making bread with hard red winter-wheat flour. The ARS has bread a new waxy durum wheat that could replace vegetable shortening without losing desired properties conferred by shortening. This wheat has almost 100% amylopection in starch whereas normal wheat contains 76%, the remainder being amylose. It works as a shortening when it comprises 20% of dough formulation.

Another oil has been developed that is mostly composed of diglycerides and made from soya and canola oil. This has same properties but much of it is metabolized as energy instead of being stored as fat. One more oil has been developed from short and long chain fatty acids for bread applications. This has lower calories (5 kcal compared to 9 kcal from normal fat).

Getting into condition
Small bakeshop bakers have more hands-on control in bread making process than big commercial operations where bakers rely on adding ingredients to ensure proper bread-structure and shelf life. The ingredient that is always used is dough conditioner to improve yeast dough performance during processing and baking to produce softer crumb and ease in slicing with fewer crumbs.

Many different ingredients are used for conditioning that cause interaction with gluten and starch in the flour. There is no single conditioner applicable everywhere. Specially formulated dough strengthener and crumb softener is especially effective in wholegrain and high-fibre speciality breads. It allows dough to withstand harsh mechanical handling in automated process.

Traditionally, potassium bromate was used. This oxidising agent was an ideal conditioner due to its slow release. A significant amount remained in dough and was available at the proofing and baking stages to provide good oven spring. Ascorbic acid can replace bromate but it requires encapsulation, otherwise it reacts too early in the mixing stage. Technological advancements like encapsulation and dough conditioners ensures that ingredients are available at the proper time for their action. Too early release of conditioners may result in dough that is too tight too early and the mixing time increases. Lipid encapsulated dough conditioners are to release at the end of proofing, right before baking or right at the start of baking.

The “en” crowd
Encapsulation also enables adding preservatives that reduce mould growth without affecting yeast action as they also inhibit yeast fermentation. Hence these should not be released into the dough until after the fermentation process is over. Encapsulated sorbic acid and calcium propionates released when high temperatures are reached during baking.
Enzymes can also extend the shelf life and are increasingly used in bread. They are used in low levels (at 0.2%) and can have great impact on the finished bread. High heat stable bacterial alpha amylase extends the shelf life from 4 to 9 days. Blends of different enzymes have given shelf life up to 30 days. These enzymes break down gelatinized starch into simple sugars, creating moisture inside the bread. This helps keep bread soft and fresh-feeling. As little as 0.12% concentrated enzymatic dough conditioner and softener produces bread with whiter crumb, finer grain and texture. This extends shelf life by keeping crumb soft.

Encapsulation is also useful in adding certain flavours and nutrients. To reduce fermentation time and prepare bread with sourdough flavour profiles replace traditional sourdough cultures with encapsulated sourdough flavours. Without encapsulation these flavours will affect yeast as they are acids. Encapsulation releases the flavour at the right time during baking, after fermentation is over for natural sourdough flavour profile.

Principal flavour component in cinnamon, cinnamic aldehyde (added to non-sandwuich bread with raisins and other dry fruits) inhibits microbes including yeast inhibiting its action during proofing causing under-leavening and lower volume. Therefore, bakers refrain from adding cinnamon to dough and apply iot in the form of topical crumble or sprinkle. Increasing yeast levels can counter this but is expensive and affects sensory properties. Microencapsulation is a solution wherein encapsulated cinnamon ingredient gives the flavour without affecting volume.

Fitting fibre in
Consumers are aware of the benefits of high fibre diet such as reduced risk of heart disease, hypertension, cancer, diabetes and obesity. Switching from white to whole-wheat and other wholegrain baked products is healthy boosting dietary fibre intake but needs technology to make it more palatable. ARS scientists used ultra-fine ground whole wheat flour to make bread more palatable with taste and texture very similar to white bread. Whole grain is not the solution to increase fibre. Speciality fibre ingredients can be added with minimal or no effect on the properties of the final product. Certain speciality resistant starch with clean, neutral taste and white in appearance allows incorporation into all types of breads. While fibre ingredients change the bread’s texture, resistant starch improves it and also boosts the fibre content. High level of resistant starch can be added to bread formulations with some adjustment of water may be needed along with possible addition of gluten.

Boosting nutritional profiles
US bakers are somewhat limited in nutrients that could be added to breads as the term “enriched” is standardized by the FDA. However, other ingredients like fruits, nuts and seeds may be added to boost the nutritional profile. Enriched bread contains 1.8mg thiamine, 1.1mg riboflavin, 15mg niacin, 12.5mg iron and 0.43mg folic acid per pound. Further the law allows 600mg of calcium. Most premixes are custom blended for bakers. As other added ingredients can contribute to nutrient profile, premix might need more or less of certain nutrients, depending on the desired final nutrient profile. Premix, commonly encapsulated to withstand extreme temperatures encountered during baking, is added to the formula dry ingredients.

Fruits like raisins contribute to iron, thiamine, magnesium, potassium, copper and fibre. Rauisins contain 5.3 % fibre, more than half being soluble. It has several other properties and help ensure shelf life. Another ingredient with goof nutrients is flaxseed. The seed is shiny, reddish brown in colour, with crisp and chewy texture having a nutty flavour profile. It has 42% oil low in saturated and extremely high in omega-3 fatty acid, a-linoleic, that is useful for the retina and brain development in infants and reduces the risk of cancer, hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Flax seed has 28% fibre, both soluble and insoluble. The soluble fibre is associated with lowering blood cholesterol and insoluble fibre prevents constipation.

Bakers can use these ingredients at different levels to create variety and at the same time ensuring machineability and quality, and consistency of the finished product.

Extracted from an article by Donna Berry in Food Product Design

“Consumers are increasingly consuming foods composed of a host of ingredients such as colorings and preservatives—and these ingredients are produced all over the world,” said Roger L. Williams, M.D., USP chief executive officer. “Given this reality, ensuring the quality of these ingredients requires global cooperation. We look forward to working together with NINFS on scientific and standards-setting activities that will result in a better food supply for citizens of both countries—and the world.”

The agreement was signed in Beijing by Mr. Yan Weixing, director general of NINFS, and USP’s Dr. Williams. Potential areas of collaboration include:

 
Scientific staff exchange between USP and NINFS.

Translation of individual FCC ingredient standards into Chinese as a reference, as appropriate, in the development of Chinese food additive standards.

Advances in the development and validation of analytical procedures and technology as well as development of reference standards for the procedures in food additive/food ingredient specifications.

Joint or coordinated efforts to offer scientific training, conferences and workshops on topics of mutual interest.

Appointment of NINFS representatives to participate in USP’s Expert Committees and/or Expert Panels, as appropriate.

Development of standards, best practices and other approaches for improvements relating to packaging and nutrition.
Following the MOU signing, the two groups will form a Joint Executive Committee that will designate working groups to explore and prioritize future activities.

Provided by US Pharmacopeia

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Center for Veterinary Medicine launched on June 4, 2010 the beginning of a pilot program to accept and review GRAS (Generally Recognized As Safe) notices for substances used in animal food.

Through the program, individuals, also referred to as the “notifier” by the FDA, can submit “notices of claims that a particular use of a substance in food for animals is exempt from the statutory premarket approval requirements based on the individual’s determination that such use is GRAS.”

In short, the notifier can inform the FDA of their determination that the use of a substance is GRAS, rather than petition FDA to affirm that the use of a substance is GRAS, as in the case of food additives.

GRAS status is an exemption to the food additive definition. Under the 1958 Food Additives Amendment to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, food additive includes any substance that is intentionally added to food and is subject to premarket review and approval by the FDA.

However, if the substance is generally recognized, among qualified experts, as having been adequately shown to be safe under the conditions of its intended use, it may be designated GRAS status, according to the FDA. Alternatively, a GRAS determination can be made through experience based on common use in food prior to 1958. A substance is GRAS only for its particular intended purpose.

The FDA will respond to the notifier with one of two types of letters. The first type of letter states that the FDA does not question the basis for the GRAS determination. In the second type of letter, the FDA states that the notice does not provide a sufficient basis for a GRAS determination. This conclusion may be based on the fact that the notice does not include appropriate data and information or because the available data and information raise questions about the safety of the substance, among other factors, according to the FDA.

It is created using Sorbic Acid, found in ash tree berries, and is quite effective against the proliferation of fungi, mold and yeast.

However, being less effective against bacteria, it is not a preservative that has a broad spectrum of use solely on its own. Potassium sorbate is almost always used in combination with other chemical preservatives to ascertain complete protection.

Not only used in beauty products, this chemical is also present in foods. Wine for example, most of all to improve shelf life.The FDA has approved this chemical as safe and no other major consumer agency has determined it as a human toxin.

More Facts
Due to the generally mild state of potassium corbate, many scientists and researchers consider this ingredient low risk.
Not only is potassium sorbate a generally non-hazardous compound, it is also a natural preservative that has been shown to cause little to no negative effect for long term use. For example, drinking this chemical compound for up to 100 weeks has concluded to be non-carcinogenic thus making it non-toxic in its chemical profile and generally safe to use.

If your dog food has this preservative present, it usually is of no consequence to your pet.

However, in some an extremely sensitive humans, or one that is prone to allergies, potassium sorbate has been shown to irritate allergies, cause nausea, diarrhea, and overall loss in nutritious value.

I have not been able to find any information about this in dogs, so its probably very uncommon. The presence of this chemical is very similar to table salt in that in small quantities, and in moderation, it has no real side effects.

What Is Potassium Sorbate - In Short
So, potassium sorbate might be very low toxic, but if you like to serve dog food with as little additives as possible there is alternatives. On the other hand, you do not to be very anxious if your dog has to eat a certain dog food containing this compound.
Risks are very low according to the knowledge we have today.

To conclude; potassium sorbate is not necessarily a harmful preservative, but, like anything, it might in some very sensitive individuals attribute to sickness if taken in too large of quantities.

In dog food this should not be a problem. It is difficult to add extra potassium sorbate and concentrations is kept on the safe side.

Just be aware of its presents and like any informed modern consumer; Find out what you want and decide what is “right preservatives” for your dog to eat.

If any!

source from:http://www.dog-nutrition-advice.com

You can quickly obtain this item at health meals areas and spots that package with the passion of house brewing alcoholic beverages like beer. So as to make it successful and not be able to bring about you any damage How To Cure Candida. You should dilute it and make the option strength from the region of about 3 %. In lay terms that implies adding about 1 tablespoon of the potassium sorbate to approximately every single cup of drinking water that you are utilizing.

The application is absolutely nothing extremely difficult; you will dip a tampon inside option and then put in the moistened tampon to the vagina. You should use 1 in the evening at bed time and one more within the morning. In the event you follow this pattern for a number of days you need to rather rapidly set an end for your nasty and bothersome contamination.

In case you locate that it is too hard to put in a wet and expanded tampon into you vagina you could possibly get some guidance kind an acquaintance or put the tampon in dry and then use a different approach of squirting the alternative in to the vagina and allow the tampon absorb it like that Free4Candida Review. No matter how you manage it, the application of a small potassium sorbate appears like it can be an excellent home solution to handle a yeast virus.

Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate were practically nontoxic to rats and mice in acute oral toxicity studies. In subchronic studies no significant adverse effects were observed in rats, mice, or dogs when 10% sorbic acid was included in the diet.

Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate at concentrations up to 10% were practically nonirritating to the rabbit eye. Both ingredients at concentrations up to 10% were at most only slightly irritating.

Sorbic acid and potassium sorbate have been tested for mutagenic effects using the Ames test, genetic recombination tests, reversion assays, rec assays, tests for chromosomal aberrations, sister chromatid exchanges, and gene mutations. Results have been both positive and negative.

Potassium sorbate at 0.1% in the diet or 0.3% in drinking water of rats for up to 100 weeks produced no neoplasms. In other chronic studies, no carcinogenic effect was demonstrated by sorbic acid in rats or mice fed diets containing up to 10% sorbic acid.

No teratogenic effects have been observed in pregnant mice and rats administered potassium sorbate.

In three repeat insult patch tests, sorbic acid had overall sensitization rates of 0, 0.33, and 0.8%. All of the subjects sensitized were inducted with 20% sorbic acid and challenged with 5% sorbic acid. Formulations containing up to 0.5% sorbic acid and or potassium sorbate were not significant primary or cumulative irritants and not sensitizers at this test concentration. A formulation containing 0.01% sorbic acid was not a photosensitizer.

On the basis of the available data, it is concluded that sorbic acid and potassium sorbate are safe as cosmetic ingredients in the present practices of use and concentration.

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